Introduction
The nineteen thirties, a decade defined by its resilience in the face of adversity, also produced an era of unparalleled glamour, particularly in its iconic hairstyles. While the world grappled with economic hardship, the hairstyles of the time exuded sophistication and escapism, offering a glimpse of Hollywood fantasy to everyday women. These styles, characterized by their meticulously crafted waves, elegant curls, and innovative techniques, remain captivating even today. This article delves into the fascinating world of nineteen thirties hairstyles, exploring their social context, popular trends, key techniques, and enduring legacy. The hairstyles of the nineteen thirties were a reflection of the changing social landscape, characterized by their sophisticated waves, curls, and innovative techniques, and heavily influenced by Hollywood stars. We’ll explore the popular styles, key influences, techniques, and modern adaptations, demonstrating why these timeless looks continue to inspire.
The Social and Cultural Context of Nineteen Thirties Hairstyles
The pervasive influence of the Great Depression undeniably shaped the fashion and beauty landscape of the nineteen thirties. As economic hardship gripped the globe, women sought affordable ways to maintain a sense of elegance and dignity. Resourcefulness became a virtue, and hairstyles that could be achieved at home with minimal expense were highly valued. The focus shifted from elaborate, extravagant styles to more refined and enduring looks that projected an air of sophistication despite the challenging circumstances.
Simultaneously, Hollywood’s Golden Age was in full swing, casting a powerful spell on the world of fashion and beauty. Movie stars became the ultimate style icons, and their hairstyles were meticulously studied and imitated by women everywhere. Actresses like Jean Harlow, Greta Garbo, and Marlene Dietrich set the standard for glamour, and their carefully coiffed waves and curls were replicated in salons and homes around the world. Magazines and newspapers featured detailed instructions on how to achieve these coveted looks, further fueling the trend.
The nineteen thirties also witnessed a gradual shift in the roles of women in society. With increased participation in the workforce and greater social freedoms, women began to embrace hairstyles that were both stylish and practical. Shorter hairstyles, such as bobs and variations thereof, gained popularity as they offered greater freedom and ease of maintenance. However, even these shorter styles were imbued with a sense of elegance and refinement, reflecting the changing aspirations of women during this era.
Popular Hairstyles of the Nineteen Thirties
The short bob reigned supreme as one of the most popular hairstyles of the nineteen thirties, but it came in a variety of stylish iterations. The Marcel wave bob, characterized by its deep, undulating waves created using heated irons, was a sophisticated choice for women seeking a glamorous look. This style involved painstakingly shaping the hair into waves that followed the contours of the face, creating a soft and flattering silhouette. The finger wave bob offered a similar effect but was achieved using only fingers and setting lotion, making it a more accessible option for women without access to professional styling tools. The Eton crop, a very short, almost masculine hairstyle, provided a bold and unconventional alternative for women who wanted to make a statement.
Medium-length hair also enjoyed its moment in the spotlight, with soft waves and curls being the defining characteristics of this style. Pin curls, created by winding small sections of hair around the fingers and securing them with pins, were a popular technique for achieving volume and definition. These curls could be arranged in a variety of ways to create different looks, from cascading waves to more structured styles. Hair accessories, such as combs, headbands, and clips, were often used to enhance these medium-length styles, adding a touch of elegance and personality. Actresses like Carole Lombard showcased the versatility of medium-length waves, inspiring women to experiment with different variations of this timeless look.
Long hair was still worn, though frequently arranged in ways that gave it a shorter appearance. Women often styled long tresses by arranging the hair up, frequently using the pin curl method to create an undulating, glamorous updo. These updos would sometimes feature carefully placed ringlets and soft, face framing tendrils that added to the hairstyle’s romantic appeal.
Accessories and embellishments played a crucial role in completing nineteen thirties hairstyles. Hair combs, often adorned with jewels or intricate designs, were used to add a touch of sparkle and sophistication. Headbands, ranging from simple satin ribbons to more elaborate creations with feathers or beads, provided a stylish way to keep hair in place and frame the face. Clips and barrettes were also popular choices for securing sections of hair and adding a decorative touch. Hats, another essential accessory of the nineteen thirties, came in a variety of styles, from cloche hats to wide-brimmed hats, and were carefully chosen to complement the hairstyle.
Key Techniques and Tools
The Marcel wave stands out as a signature technique, crucial in crafting the classic nineteen thirties look. This technique, involving the use of heated irons to create deep, undulating waves, was named after its inventor, Marcel Grateau. The Marcel wave technique demanded skill and precision, as the waves had to be carefully shaped to create a flattering and symmetrical effect. While the Marcel wave was traditionally achieved with heated irons, variations of the technique using finger waving or pin curls also became popular.
Finger waves provided a more accessible approach to creating the sculpted waves that defined the era. This technique involves shaping the hair with fingers and setting lotion, creating a series of ridges and valleys that dry into place. Finger waving required practice and patience, but it was a relatively inexpensive way to achieve a sophisticated look at home. The key to successful finger waving was to use a good quality setting lotion and to maintain consistent pressure and rhythm while shaping the hair.
Pin curls were a foundational technique for creating volume, definition, and lasting curl. Pin curls, created by winding small sections of hair around the fingers and securing them with pins, were a versatile technique that could be used to create a wide range of styles. Different types of pin curls, such as stand-up curls, barrel curls, and sculpture curls, were used to achieve different effects. The size and placement of the pin curls determined the shape and volume of the final hairstyle.
Various hair products helped to hold these intricate styles. Hair sprays, pomades, and setting lotions were essential tools for keeping hairstyles in place. Hair sprays, typically made from natural resins, provided a light hold without stiffness. Pomades, made from oil or wax, added shine and helped to smooth flyaways. Setting lotions, containing ingredients like gum tragacanth, provided a firm hold and helped to set the waves and curls.
Influential Figures and Style Icons
Actresses and celebrities exerted a tremendous influence on hairstyle trends. Jean Harlow, with her platinum blonde hair styled in cascading waves, became an icon of nineteen thirties glamour. Greta Garbo, known for her enigmatic beauty and sophisticated style, popularized sleek, minimalist hairstyles. Marlene Dietrich, with her androgynous appeal and meticulously crafted waves, challenged traditional notions of femininity. Joan Crawford, with her dramatic hairstyles and strong personality, became a symbol of female empowerment. Each of these actresses brought her unique style and personality to the silver screen, inspiring women around the world to emulate their iconic looks.
Designers and hairstylists also played a crucial role in shaping the hairstyles of the era. Individuals in these roles worked closely with actresses and celebrities to create hairstyles that were both stylish and flattering. The work of these often unsung heroes helped to solidify the nineteen thirties as a golden age of style and innovation.
The Enduring Legacy of Nineteen Thirties Hairstyles
Modern interpretations and revivals continually bring back the elegance of the era. Nineteen thirties hairstyles have been reinterpreted and incorporated into modern fashion and beauty trends. Designers and stylists often draw inspiration from the era’s iconic looks, updating them with contemporary twists. Vintage-inspired hairstyles are frequently seen on the red carpet and in fashion editorials, demonstrating the enduring appeal of nineteen thirties glamour. These styles can be seen worn with modern outfits, to create a fusion that is at once reminiscent of the past and firmly planted in the present.
Inspiration for contemporary styles remains prevalent. The elegance and sophistication of nineteen thirties hairstyles continue to inspire contemporary designers and stylists. The sculpted waves, refined curls, and meticulous attention to detail that characterized the era are still highly valued today. Modern stylists often incorporate elements of nineteen thirties hairstyles into their creations, creating looks that are both timeless and modern.
Examples in pop culture highlight the versatility of the era’s style. Nineteen thirties hairstyles have been featured in recent movies, television shows, and fashion editorials. Period dramas, in particular, often showcase the iconic hairstyles of the era, allowing viewers to appreciate their beauty and complexity. These representations demonstrate the enduring appeal of nineteen thirties glamour and its continued relevance in contemporary culture. The presence of these styles in popular media serves as a reminder of their lasting impact on fashion and beauty.
Conclusion
In summary, the hairstyles of the nineteen thirties were more than just fashionable trends; they were a reflection of the social, cultural, and economic forces that shaped the era. From the glamorous waves of Hollywood stars to the resourceful techniques used by everyday women, these hairstyles represent a testament to the power of style and innovation. The enduring legacy of nineteen thirties hairstyles continues to inspire contemporary designers and stylists, ensuring that their elegance and sophistication will continue to captivate audiences for generations to come. The timeless appeal of nineteen thirties glamour lies in its ability to evoke a sense of sophistication, resilience, and unwavering style, reminding us that even in the face of adversity, beauty can always prevail.
